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1 Athens of the South
• Athens of the South, the «Афины Юга», прозвище Нашвилла ( штат Теннесси), где построена единственная в мире копия древнегреческого Парфенона [Parthenon]. В городе много колледжей и университетов, а в округе — многочисленные красивые особняки бывших владельцев плантаций. В Нашвилле проводится ежегодный фестиваль музыки «кантри» [International Country Music Fan Fair]США. Лингвострановедческий англо-русский словарь > Athens of the South
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2 south
south [saʊθ]1 noun∎ in the south au sud, dans le sud;∎ the region to the south of Edinburgh la région au sud d'Édimbourg;∎ two miles to the south trois kilomètres au sud;∎ look towards the south regardez vers le sud;∎ I was born in the south je suis né dans le Sud;∎ in the south of India dans le sud de l'Inde;∎ in the South of France dans le Midi (de la France);∎ the wind is in the south le vent est au sud;∎ the wind is coming from the south le vent vient ou souffle du sud;∎ History the South (of United States) le Sud, les États mpl du Sud∎ the south coast la côte sud;∎ in south London dans le sud de Londres;∎ in South India en Inde du Sud;∎ the South Atlantic/Pacific l'Atlantique m/le Pacifique Sud;∎ the South Seas les mers fpl du Sud;∎ the South Bank = complexe sur la rive sud de la Tamise réunissant des salles de concert, des théâtres et des musées;∎ the South Circular = voie rapide périphérique au sud de Londres3 adverbau sud; (travel) vers le sud, en direction du sud;∎ the village lies south of York le village est situé au sud de York;∎ the living room faces south la salle de séjour est exposée au sud;∎ the path heads (due) south le chemin va ou mène (droit) vers le sud;∎ walk south until you come to a main road marchez vers le sud jusqu'à ce que vous arriviez à une route principale;∎ I drove south for two hours j'ai roulé pendant deux heures en direction du sud;∎ we're going south for our holidays nous allons passer nos vacances dans le Sud;∎ I travelled south je suis allée vers le sud;∎ to sail south naviguer cap sur le sud;∎ it's 20 miles south of Birmingham c'est à 32 kilomètres au sud de Birmingham;∎ they live down south ils habitent dans le Sud;∎ south by east/west sud-quart-sud-est/-ouest;∎ further south plus au sud►► South Africa l'Afrique f du Sud;∎ in South Africa en Afrique du Sud;∎ the Republic of South Africa la République d'Afrique du Sud;1 nounSud-Africain(e) m,fsud-africain, d'Afrique du Sud;South America l'Amérique f du Sud;∎ in South America en Amérique du Sud; South American1 nounSud-Américain(e) m,fsud-américain, d'Amérique du Sud;South Australia l'Australie-Méridionale f;∎ in South Australia en Australie-Méridionale;Geography South Carolina la Caroline du Sud;∎ in South Carolina en Caroline du Sud;Geography South Dakota le Dakota du Sud;∎ in South Dakota dans le Dakota du Sud;South Georgia la Géorgie du Sud;Geography South Glamorgan le South Glamorgan, = comté du sud du pays de Galles;∎ in South Glamorgan dans le South Glamorgan;South Island l'île f du Sud;South Korea la Corée du Sud;∎ in South Korea en Corée du Sud; South Korean1 nounSud-Coréen(enne) m,f, Coréen(enne) m,f du Sudsud-coréen;South Pole le pôle Sud;∎ at the South Pole au pôle Sud;South Sea Bubble = krach financier de 1720 en Angleterre;South Sea Islands l'Océanie f;South Vietnam le Viêt-nam du Sud;∎ in South Vietnam au Viêt-nam du Sud; South Vietnamese1 nounSud-Vietnamien(enne) m,f;the South Vietnamese les Sud-Vietnamiens mplsud-vietnamien;South Wales le sud du pays de Galles;South Yemen le Yémen du Sud;∎ in South Yemen au Yémen du Sud;Geography South Yorkshire le South Yorkshire, = comté du nord de l'Angleterre;∎ in South Yorkshire dans le South Yorkshireⓘ THE SOUTH SEA BUBBLE Ce krach financier eut lieu en 1720, après que la "South Sea Company" eut repris à son compte la dette nationale britannique en échange du monopole du commerce sur les mers du sud. Cette nouvelle provoqua une ruée sur les actions de la compagnie et une spéculation avide, entraînant la chute des cours et la ruine de nombreux investisseurs. -
3 south
1. noun1) (the direction to the right of a person facing the rising sun, or any part of the earth lying in that direction: He stood facing towards the south; She lives in the south of France.) sur2) (one of the four main points of the compass.) sur
2. adjective1) (in the south: She works on the south coast.) sur, meridional2) (from the direction of the south: a south wind.) del sur
3. adverb(towards the south: This window faces south.) hacia el sur- southern
- southerner
- southernmost
- southward
- southwards
- southward
- southbound
- south-east / south-west
4. adjective1) (in the south-east or south-west: the south-east coast.) sudeste; sudoeste2) (from the direction of the south-east or south-west: a south-east wind.) sudeste; sudoeste
5. adverb(towards the south-east or south-west: The gateway faces south-west.) hacia el sudeste; hacia el sudoeste- south-eastern / south-western
- the South Pole
south n adj adv surtr[saʊɵ]1 sur nombre masculino1 sur, del sur, meridional1 (direction) hacia el sur; (location) al sur1 el Sur nombre masculino, el sur nombre masculino\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLSouth American sudamericano,-athe South Pacific el Pacífico Surthe South Pole el Polo Surthe South Seas los mares del SurSouth Wales Gales del Sursouth ['saʊɵ] adv: al sur, hacia el surthe window looks south: la ventana mira al surshe continued south: continuó hacia el sursouth adj: sur, del surthe south entrance: la entrada surSouth America: Sudamérica, América del Sursouth n: sur madj.• del sur adj.• meridional adj.• sur adj.adv.• al sur adv.• hacia el sur adv.n.• mediodía s.m.• sud s.m.• sur s.m.
I saʊθmass noun1)a) (point of the compass, direction) sur mthe south, the South — el sur, el Sur
b) ( region)the south, the South — el sur
a town in the south of Texas — una ciudad del sur or en el sur de Texas
2)the South — ( in US history) el Sur, los estados sudistas
3)
II
III
adverb al surthe house faces south — la casa da or mira al sur
[saʊθ]down south: they live down south viven en el sur; let's go down south — vayamos al sur
1.N (=direction) sur m ; (=region) sur m, mediodía mthe South of France — el sur de Francia, el mediodía francés, la Francia meridional
in the south of England — al sur or en el sur de Inglaterra
the wind is from the or in the south — el viento sopla or viene del sur
in the south of the country — al sur or en el sur del país
2.ADJ del sur, sureño, meridional3.ADV (=southward) hacia el sur; (=in the south) al sur, en el surthis house faces south — esta casa mira al sur or tiene vista hacia el sur
to sail due south — (Naut) ir proa al sur, navegar rumbo al sur
4.CPDSouth AfricanSouth Africa N — Suráfrica f, Sudáfrica f
South America N — América f del Sur, Sudamérica f ; South American
South Atlantic N — Atlántico m Sur
South Australia N — Australia f del Sur
South Carolina N — Carolina f del Sur
South Dakota N — Dakota f del Sur
South Georgia N — Georgia f del Sur
South Korea N — Corea f del Sur; South Korean
South Pacific N — Pacífico m Sur
the South Seas NPL — los mares del Sur, el mar austral
South VietnameseSouth Vietnam N — Vietnam m del Sur
South Wales N — Gales m del Sur
South West Africa N — África f del Suroeste
* * *
I [saʊθ]mass noun1)a) (point of the compass, direction) sur mthe south, the South — el sur, el Sur
b) ( region)the south, the South — el sur
a town in the south of Texas — una ciudad del sur or en el sur de Texas
2)the South — ( in US history) el Sur, los estados sudistas
3)
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III
adverb al surthe house faces south — la casa da or mira al sur
down south: they live down south viven en el sur; let's go down south — vayamos al sur
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4 country
plural - countries; noun1) (any of the nations of the world; the land occupied by a nation: Canada is a larger country than Spain.) país2) (the people of a country: The whole country is in agreement with your views.) país, nación3) ((usually with the) districts where there are fields, moors etc as opposed to towns and areas with many buildings: a quiet holiday in the country; (also adjective) country districts.) campo4) (an area or stretch of land: hilly country.) región•- countryman
- countryside
country n1. paíshow many countries have you visited? ¿cuántos países has visitado?2. campodo you prefer the town or the country? ¿prefieres la ciudad o el campo?tr['kʌntrɪ]1 (pl countries) (state, nation) país nombre masculino; (people) pueblo; (native land) país nombre masculino, patria, tierra2 (No pl) (rural area) campo3 (No pl) (region, area of land) región nombre femenino, zona, territorio■ this is lion country, be careful esta es zona de leones, ten cuidado1 (rural - life, lane) rural; (- house) de campo\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto fight for one's country luchar por la patriato go to the country celebrar elecciones generalescountry dance baile nombre masculino regionalcountry dancing los bailes nombre masculino plural regionalescountry seat casa solariegacountry ['kʌntri] adj: campestre, rural1) nation: país m, nación f, patria fcountry of origin: país de origenlove of one's country: amor a la patria2) : campo mthey left the city for the country: se fueron de la ciudad al campoadj.• campesino, -a adj.• campestre adj.• de campo adj.• país adj.• rural adj.• veguero, -a adj.n.• campo s.m.• patria s.f.• país s.m.• terruño s.m.• tierra s.f.'kʌntri2) u ( rural area)the country — el campo; (before n) <life, lane> rural; < people> del campo; < cottage> de campo
3) u ( region) terreno m, territorio mcattle-farming country — región f ganadera
4) u ( Mus) (música f) country m['kʌntrɪ]1. N1) (=nation) país m ; (=people) pueblo mto go to the country — (Brit) (Pol) convocar a elecciones generales
2) (=fatherland) patria fwe had to leave the road and go across country — tuvimos que dejar la carretera e ir a través del campo
unknown country — (also fig) terreno desconocido
mountainous country — región f montañosa
2.CPDcountry and western (music) N — música f country, música f ranchera (Mex)
country bumpkin N — pej patán m, paleto(-a) m / f
country club N — club m campestre
country cottage N — casita f (en el campo)
country cousin N — (fig) pueblerino(-a) m / f
country dance N — baile m regional
country dancing N — danza f folklórica
country dweller N — persona f que vive en el campo
country folk NPL — gente f del campo
country gentleman N — hacendado m
country house N — casa f de campo, quinta f ; (=farm) finca f (esp LAm), rancho m (Mex)
country lane N — camino m rural
country life N — vida f campestre or del campo
country mile * N —
- miss sth by a country milecountry music N — = country and western music
country of origin N — país m de origen
country park N — parque m
country people NPL — = country folk
country road N — camino m vecinal
country seat N — casa f solariega, hacienda f (LAm)
country singer N — cantante mf country
* * *['kʌntri]2) u ( rural area)the country — el campo; (before n) <life, lane> rural; < people> del campo; < cottage> de campo
3) u ( region) terreno m, territorio mcattle-farming country — región f ganadera
4) u ( Mus) (música f) country m -
5 country bacon
Popular in the South, this style is typically heavily smoked, saltier and thickly sliced. -
6 South Country
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7 country ***** coun·try
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8 country and western music
сокр C and W, C&WПопулярный музыкальный стиль, имеющий корни в народной музыке сельских районов Юга [ South] и Юго-Запада [ Southwest]. В современной форме представляет собой элемент массовой культуры. Является результатом синтеза двух различных музыкальных традиций: музыки юго-восточных штатов, имеющей британские корни, и ковбойской [ cowboy] музыки Юго-Запада, прежде всего Техаса. Оба стиля испытали на себе влияние блюза [ blues] и танцевальной музыки афро-американцев [ Afro-Americans]. Впервые исполнители кантри стали пользоваться популярностью в конце 20-х гг. Среди них - семья Картеров из Вирджинии [Carter family], исполнявшая песни на традиционном аппалачском материале; железнодорожник из штата Миссисипи Джимми Роджерс [ Rodgers, Jimmie], чьи песни включали блюзовые мотивы и хоровые концовки. В начале 30-х стал популярен стиль "вестерн свинг" [western swing] - смесь техасской народной музыки, исполнявшейся на упрощенной скрипке [fiddle], с джазом [ jazz] и поп-музыкой [pop music]. Наиболее яркий представитель этого стиля - Боб Уиллс [Wills, Bob], основавший в 1933 группу "Техасские плейбои" [The Texas Playboys]. Иногда группы использовали джазовые инструменты, прежде всего трубы и саксофоны, тем самым закладывая основы современного кантри. При помощи кино и радио такие музыканты, как Джин Отри [ Autry, Gene] по прозвищу "Поющий ковбой" ["Singing Cowboy"] и Рой Роджерс [Rogers, Roy] стали известны всей стране, и к 50-м гг. кантри стала одним из ведущих стилей в поп-музыке. Законодателем моды стала нашвиллская [ Nashville] программа "Грэнд ол оупри" [ Grand Ole Opry]. Хотя массовый интерес к кантри несколько "размыл" характерный стиль исполнения, рост интереса к блюграссу [ bluegrass music] помог становлению ее самобытности. В 60-70-е гг. определенный консерватизм Нашвилла привел к появлению нового центра кантри в г. Остине, шт. Техас [ country rock], резко возросла популярность исполнительниц-женщин, прежде всего Долли Партон [ Parton, Dolly], Лоретты Линн [ Lynn, Loretta] и Тэмми Уинетт [Wynette, Tammy]. Среди других звезд, появившихся в то время - Уилли Нелсон [Nelson, Willie], Мерл Хаггард, [Haggard, Merle] и Джордж Джонс [Jones, George]. Тем не менее, Нашвилл продолжает сохранять свое значение центра кантри. В середине 80-х между собой конкурировали два основных исполнительских стиля - популярный, сглаженный стиль таких певцов, как Кенни Роджерс [ Rogers, Kenny] и более традиционные песни таких музыкантов, как Рикки Скэггс [Skaggs, Ricky], Джон Андерсон [Anderson, John] и Джордж Стрэйт [Strait, George]. Конец 80-х - начало 90-х ознаменовались приходом на сцену нового, более эклектичного поколения музыкантов. Среди них - Рэнди Трэвис [Travis, Randy], Стив Эрл [Earle, Steve], Родни Кроуэлл [Crowell, Rodney], Нэнси Гриффит [Griffith, Nanci], Кей-Ти Ослин [K. T. Oslin], дуэт "О'Кейнз" [O'Kanes]English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > country and western music
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9 Discoveries, Monument of the
Located on the Tagus shore in Belém, not far from the Tower of Belém and the Jerónimos Monastery, the Monument of the Discoveries is a stone tribute of relatively recent origin. Built originally in 1940, as part of the Estado Novo's Double Centenary Exposition of the Portuguese World, the Monument of the Discoveries was constructed of temporary, lightweight materials. Unlike most of the exposition's constructions, however, the monument was not torn down after the exposition closed in December 1940. It remained in place and was reconstructed out of permanent materials and stone in time for the 1960 celebrations of the 500th anniversary of the death of Henry of Aviz (Prince Henry the Navigator).The monument is the work of sculptor Leopoldo de Almeida. It is complemented by an enormous mosaic wind rose showing the points of the compass, which was contributed by the Union of South Africa and is set in the open square just inland from the monument. This modern construction forms an imposing caravel in full sail, with Prince Henry the Navigator at the prow and a group of the country's chief navigators and sailors behind him. Notably, Columbus, who sailed for Spain, is not among them.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Discoveries, Monument of the
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10 Introduction
Portugal is a small Western European nation with a large, distinctive past replete with both triumph and tragedy. One of the continent's oldest nation-states, Portugal has frontiers that are essentially unchanged since the late 14th century. The country's unique character and 850-year history as an independent state present several curious paradoxes. As of 1974, when much of the remainder of the Portuguese overseas empire was decolonized, Portuguese society appeared to be the most ethnically homogeneous of the two Iberian states and of much of Europe. Yet, Portuguese society had received, over the course of 2,000 years, infusions of other ethnic groups in invasions and immigration: Phoenicians, Greeks, Celts, Romans, Suevi, Visigoths, Muslims (Arab and Berber), Jews, Italians, Flemings, Burgundian French, black Africans, and Asians. Indeed, Portugal has been a crossroads, despite its relative isolation in the western corner of the Iberian Peninsula, between the West and North Africa, Tropical Africa, and Asia and America. Since 1974, Portugal's society has become less homogeneous, as there has been significant immigration of former subjects from its erstwhile overseas empire.Other paradoxes should be noted as well. Although Portugal is sometimes confused with Spain or things Spanish, its very national independence and national culture depend on being different from Spain and Spaniards. Today, Portugal's independence may be taken for granted. Since 1140, except for 1580-1640 when it was ruled by Philippine Spain, Portugal has been a sovereign state. Nevertheless, a recurring theme of the nation's history is cycles of anxiety and despair that its freedom as a nation is at risk. There is a paradox, too, about Portugal's overseas empire(s), which lasted half a millennium (1415-1975): after 1822, when Brazil achieved independence from Portugal, most of the Portuguese who emigrated overseas never set foot in their overseas empire, but preferred to immigrate to Brazil or to other countries in North or South America or Europe, where established Portuguese overseas communities existed.Portugal was a world power during the period 1415-1550, the era of the Discoveries, expansion, and early empire, and since then the Portuguese have experienced periods of decline, decadence, and rejuvenation. Despite the fact that Portugal slipped to the rank of a third- or fourth-rate power after 1580, it and its people can claim rightfully an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions that assure their place both in world and Western history. These distinctions should be kept in mind while acknowledging that, for more than 400 years, Portugal has generally lagged behind the rest of Western Europe, although not Southern Europe, in social and economic developments and has remained behind even its only neighbor and sometime nemesis, Spain.Portugal's pioneering role in the Discoveries and exploration era of the 15th and 16th centuries is well known. Often noted, too, is the Portuguese role in the art and science of maritime navigation through the efforts of early navigators, mapmakers, seamen, and fishermen. What are often forgotten are the country's slender base of resources, its small population largely of rural peasants, and, until recently, its occupation of only 16 percent of the Iberian Peninsula. As of 1139—10, when Portugal emerged first as an independent monarchy, and eventually a sovereign nation-state, England and France had not achieved this status. The Portuguese were the first in the Iberian Peninsula to expel the Muslim invaders from their portion of the peninsula, achieving this by 1250, more than 200 years before Castile managed to do the same (1492).Other distinctions may be noted. Portugal conquered the first overseas empire beyond the Mediterranean in the early modern era and established the first plantation system based on slave labor. Portugal's empire was the first to be colonized and the last to be decolonized in the 20th century. With so much of its scattered, seaborne empire dependent upon the safety and seaworthiness of shipping, Portugal was a pioneer in initiating marine insurance, a practice that is taken for granted today. During the time of Pombaline Portugal (1750-77), Portugal was the first state to organize and hold an industrial trade fair. In distinctive political and governmental developments, Portugal's record is more mixed, and this fact suggests that maintaining a government with a functioning rule of law and a pluralist, representative democracy has not been an easy matter in a country that for so long has been one of the poorest and least educated in the West. Portugal's First Republic (1910-26), only the third republic in a largely monarchist Europe (after France and Switzerland), was Western Europe's most unstable parliamentary system in the 20th century. Finally, the authoritarian Estado Novo or "New State" (1926-74) was the longest surviving authoritarian system in modern Western Europe. When Portugal departed from its overseas empire in 1974-75, the descendants, in effect, of Prince Henry the Navigator were leaving the West's oldest empire.Portugal's individuality is based mainly on its long history of distinc-tiveness, its intense determination to use any means — alliance, diplomacy, defense, trade, or empire—to be a sovereign state, independent of Spain, and on its national pride in the Portuguese language. Another master factor in Portuguese affairs deserves mention. The country's politics and government have been influenced not only by intellectual currents from the Atlantic but also through Spain from Europe, which brought new political ideas and institutions and novel technologies. Given the weight of empire in Portugal's past, it is not surprising that public affairs have been hostage to a degree to what happened in her overseas empire. Most important have been domestic responses to imperial affairs during both imperial and internal crises since 1415, which have continued to the mid-1970s and beyond. One of the most important themes of Portuguese history, and one oddly neglected by not a few histories, is that every major political crisis and fundamental change in the system—in other words, revolution—since 1415 has been intimately connected with a related imperial crisis. The respective dates of these historical crises are: 1437, 1495, 1578-80, 1640, 1820-22, 1890, 1910, 1926-30, 1961, and 1974. The reader will find greater detail on each crisis in historical context in the history section of this introduction and in relevant entries.LAND AND PEOPLEThe Republic of Portugal is located on the western edge of the Iberian Peninsula. A major geographical dividing line is the Tagus River: Portugal north of it has an Atlantic orientation; the country to the south of it has a Mediterranean orientation. There is little physical evidence that Portugal is clearly geographically distinct from Spain, and there is no major natural barrier between the two countries along more than 1,214 kilometers (755 miles) of the Luso-Spanish frontier. In climate, Portugal has a number of microclimates similar to the microclimates of Galicia, Estremadura, and Andalusia in neighboring Spain. North of the Tagus, in general, there is an Atlantic-type climate with higher rainfall, cold winters, and some snow in the mountainous areas. South of the Tagus is a more Mediterranean climate, with hot, dry, often rainless summers and cool, wet winters. Lisbon, the capital, which has a fifth of the country's population living in its region, has an average annual mean temperature about 16° C (60° F).For a small country with an area of 92,345 square kilometers (35,580 square miles, including the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and the Madeiras), which is about the size of the state of Indiana in the United States, Portugal has a remarkable diversity of regional topography and scenery. In some respects, Portugal resembles an island within the peninsula, embodying a unique fusion of European and non-European cultures, akin to Spain yet apart. Its geography is a study in contrasts, from the flat, sandy coastal plain, in some places unusually wide for Europe, to the mountainous Beira districts or provinces north of the Tagus, to the snow-capped mountain range of the Estrela, with its unique ski area, to the rocky, barren, remote Trás-os-Montes district bordering Spain. There are extensive forests in central and northern Portugal that contrast with the flat, almost Kansas-like plains of the wheat belt in the Alentejo district. There is also the unique Algarve district, isolated somewhat from the Alentejo district by a mountain range, with a microclimate, topography, and vegetation that resemble closely those of North Africa.Although Portugal is small, just 563 kilometers (337 miles) long and from 129 to 209 kilometers (80 to 125 miles) wide, it is strategically located on transportation and communication routes between Europe and North Africa, and the Americas and Europe. Geographical location is one key to the long history of Portugal's three overseas empires, which stretched once from Morocco to the Moluccas and from lonely Sagres at Cape St. Vincent to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It is essential to emphasize the identity of its neighbors: on the north and east Portugal is bounded by Spain, its only neighbor, and by the Atlantic Ocean on the south and west. Portugal is the westernmost country of Western Europe, and its shape resembles a face, with Lisbon below the nose, staring into theAtlantic. No part of Portugal touches the Mediterranean, and its Atlantic orientation has been a response in part to turning its back on Castile and Léon (later Spain) and exploring, traveling, and trading or working in lands beyond the peninsula. Portugal was the pioneering nation in the Atlantic-born European discoveries during the Renaissance, and its diplomatic and trade relations have been dominated by countries that have been Atlantic powers as well: Spain; England (Britain since 1707); France; Brazil, once its greatest colony; and the United States.Today Portugal and its Atlantic islands have a population of roughly 10 million people. While ethnic homogeneity has been characteristic of it in recent history, Portugal's population over the centuries has seen an infusion of non-Portuguese ethnic groups from various parts of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. Between 1500 and 1800, a significant population of black Africans, brought in as slaves, was absorbed in the population. And since 1950, a population of Cape Verdeans, who worked in menial labor, has resided in Portugal. With the influx of African, Goan, and Timorese refugees and exiles from the empire—as many as three quarters of a million retornados ("returned ones" or immigrants from the former empire) entered Portugal in 1974 and 1975—there has been greater ethnic diversity in the Portuguese population. In 2002, there were 239,113 immigrants legally residing in Portugal: 108,132 from Africa; 24,806 from Brazil; 15,906 from Britain; 14,617 from Spain; and 11,877 from Germany. In addition, about 200,000 immigrants are living in Portugal from eastern Europe, mainly from Ukraine. The growth of Portugal's population is reflected in the following statistics:1527 1,200,000 (estimate only)1768 2,400,000 (estimate only)1864 4,287,000 first census1890 5,049,7001900 5,423,0001911 5,960,0001930 6,826,0001940 7,185,1431950 8,510,0001960 8,889,0001970 8,668,000* note decrease1980 9,833,0001991 9,862,5401996 9,934,1002006 10,642,8362010 10,710,000 (estimated) -
11 अश्मकः _aśmakḥ
अश्मकः [अश्मेव स्थिरः, इवार्थे कन्]1 N. of a sage.-2 N. of a country in the south; तथाश्मकाः पुलिन्दाश्च कलिङ्गाश्च विशेषतः Rām. (probably an old name of Travancore); according to Bṛi. S.14.22 it is in the north-west (दिशि पश्चिमोत्तरस्यां......... अश्मककुलूतलहडस्त्री- राज्यनृसिंहवनखस्थाः)-3 The inhabitants of the country (pl.).-4 A part of the साल्व country or its inhabitants; or its king. -
12 कर्णाटः _karṇāṭḥ _कर्णाटकः _karṇāṭakḥ
कर्णाटः कर्णाटकः (pl.) N. of a country in the south of the Indian Peninsula; (काव्यम्) कर्णाटेन्दोर्जगति विदुषां कण्ठभूषत्वमेतु Vikr.18.12-टी f.1 A woman of the above country; कर्णाटीचीनपीनस्तनवसनदशादोलनस्पन्दमन्दः Udb. कर्णाटीचिकुराणां ताण्डवकरः Vb.1.29.-2 The हंसपदी plant.-3 One of the Rāgintod;īs or musical modes.Sanskrit-English dictionary > कर्णाटः _karṇāṭḥ _कर्णाटकः _karṇāṭakḥ
-
13 νότος
-ου + ὁ N 2 9-28-30-20-6=93 Ex 10,13(bis); 14,21; 26,20.35ἄνεμος νότος south wind Ex 10,13Cf. BOGAERT 1981, 79-85; DORIVAL 1994 155. 561(Nm 34,15); LE BOULLUEC 1989 138.277; MORENZ1964, 255-256; WEVERS 1990 152.220. 429.434; →NIDNTT -
14 केरलः _kēralḥ
केरलः (pl.) N. of a country (in the south of India, the modern Malabar) and its inhabitants; Māl.6.19; भयोत्सृष्टविभूषाणां तेन केरलयोषिताम् R.4.54.-ली A woman of the Kerala country; कर्णाटीनां मुषितमुरलीकेरलीहारलीलः (राजेन्द्रकर्णपूरः).-2 Astronomical science.-3 A Hora or period of time equal to one hour.-Comp. -जातकम्, -तन्त्रम्, -सिद्धान्तः N. of works. -
15 शङ्ख
ṡaṅkhám. n. (ifc. f. ā) a shell, (esp.) the conch-shell (used for making libations of water orﾠ as an ornament for the arms orﾠ for the temples of an elephant;
a conch-shell perforated at one end is alsoﾠ used as a wind instrument orﾠ horn;
in the battles of epic poetry, each hero being represented as provided with a conch-shell which serves as his horn orﾠ trumpet andﾠ of ten has a name) AV. etc. etc. IW. 403 ;
a partic. high number (said to = a hundred billions orﾠ 100, 000 krores) MBh. ;
m. the temporal bone, temple (accord. toﾠ some alsoﾠ, the bone of the forehead orﾠ, frontal bone) Yājñ. MBh. etc.;
an elephant's cheek orﾠ the part between the tusks ( hasti-danta-madhya) L. ;
N. of the teeth of an elephant 23 years old VarBṛS. ;
Unguis Odoratus L. ;
a partic. Mantra Gobh. ;
a kind of metre, Ked N. of one of Kubera's treasures andﾠ of the being presiding over it MBh. Kāv. etc.;
a military drum orﾠ other martial instrument W. ;
N. of one of the 8 chiefs of the Nāgas (q.v.) MBh. Hariv. Pur. ;
of a Daitya (who conquered the gods, stole the Vedas, andﾠ carried them off to the bottom of the sea, from whence they were recovered by Vishṇu in the form of a fish) ib. ;
of a demon dangerous to children ĀpGṛ. Sch. ;
of a mythical elephant R. ;
N. of various men (pl. N. of a Gotra) AV. etc. etc.;
of a son of Virāṭa MBh. ;
of a son of Vajra-nābha Hariv. Pur. ;
of a law-giver (often mentioned together with his brother Likhita, q.v.) Yājñ. MBh. etc. (cf. comp. below);
of the author of RV. X, 15 (having the patr. Yāmāyana) Anukr. ;
of another poet Cat. ;
of a country in the south of India (said to abound in shells) VarBṛS. (cf. gaṇa ṡaṇḍikâ̱di);
of a mountain Hariv. Pur. ;
of a forest VP. ;
(ā) f. a kind of flute Saṃgīt. ;
+ cf. Gk. κόγχη;
Lat. concha, cangius
- शङ्खकर्ण
- शङ्खकार
- शङ्खकारक
- शङ्खकुम्भश्रवस्
- शङ्खकुसुम
- शङ्खकूट
- शङ्खक्षीर
- शङ्खचक्र
- शङ्खचरी
- शङ्खचर्ची
- शङ्खचिल्ल
- शङ्खचूड
- शङ्खचूर्ण
- शङ्खज
- शङ्खजाती
- शङ्खतीर्थ
- शङ्खदत्त
- शङ्खदारक
- शङ्खद्राव
- शङ्खद्रावक
- शङ्खद्राविन्
- शङ्खद्वीप
- शङ्खधर
- शङ्खधवला
- शङ्खध्म
- शङ्खध्मा
- शङ्खध्वनि
- शङ्खनक
- शङ्खनख
- शङ्खनाभ
- शङ्खनाभि
- शङ्खनाम्नी
- शङ्खनारी
- शङ्खनूपुरिणी
- शङ्खपद्
- शङ्खपद
- शङ्खपा
- शङ्खपाणि
- शङ्खपात्र
- शङ्खपाद
- शङ्खपाल
- शङ्खपिण्ड
- शङ्खपुर
- शङ्खपुष्पिका
- शङ्खपुष्पी
- शङ्खपोटलिन्
- शङ्खप्रणाद
- शङ्खप्रवर
- शङ्खप्रुथ
- शङ्खभस्मन्
- शङ्खभिन्न
- शङ्खभृत्
- शङ्खमालिनि
- शङ्खमित्र
- शङ्खमुक्ता
- शङ्खमुख
- शङ्खमुद्रा
- शङ्खमुल
- शङ्खमेखल
- शङ्खमौक्तिक
- शङ्खयूथिका
- शङ्खराज्
- शङ्खराज
- शङ्खरावित
- शङ्खरोमन्
- शङ्खलक्षण
- शङ्खलिखित
- शङ्खवटीरस
- शङ्खवत्
- शङ्खवलय
- शङ्खविष
- शङ्खशिरस्
- शङ्खशिला
- शङ्खशिर्ष
- शङ्खशुक्तिका
- शङ्खश्रीधर
- शङ्खस्नान
- शङ्खस्मृति
- शङ्खस्वन
- शङ्खस्वर
- शङ्खह्रद
-
16 दक्खिणापथ
දක්ඛිණාපථ dakkhiNaapatha dakkhiṇāpatha mthe southern route (in India); the country in the south, now called Dekkan. -
17 זימבבואה
n. Zimbabwe, Republic of Zimbabwe, country in the south of Africa -
18 पौरिकः _paurikḥ
1पौरिकः 1 A citizen.-2 A governor of a city.2पौरिकः A country in the South. -
19 תרקי
תַּרְקִיpr. n. (θρᾴκη) Thracia, Thrace, a country in the south-eastern extremity of Europe. Targ. Y. Gen. 10:2; Targ. 1 Chr. 1:5 (ed. Rahmer Var. תַּרְקְיָא or תְּרָקְיָא; h. text תירס);Y.Meg.I, 71b bot. תרקא; Gen. R. s. 37 תּוּרְקִי; Yalk. ib. 61; Yoma 10a בית תְּרַיְיקִי (Ms. M. 1 טרוקי; Ms. M. 2 טראקי; Ms. O. a. Ar. טרקי; Ms. L. טרקאי, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 8). Y.Kidd.I, 61d top; Y.Shebi.VI, 36b bot. תורקי (for הקדמני, Gen. 15:19); Gen. R. s. 44 תרקי (for קנזי, Gen. l. c.); Yalk. ib. 78 טרקי. -
20 תַּרְקִי
תַּרְקִיpr. n. (θρᾴκη) Thracia, Thrace, a country in the south-eastern extremity of Europe. Targ. Y. Gen. 10:2; Targ. 1 Chr. 1:5 (ed. Rahmer Var. תַּרְקְיָא or תְּרָקְיָא; h. text תירס);Y.Meg.I, 71b bot. תרקא; Gen. R. s. 37 תּוּרְקִי; Yalk. ib. 61; Yoma 10a בית תְּרַיְיקִי (Ms. M. 1 טרוקי; Ms. M. 2 טראקי; Ms. O. a. Ar. טרקי; Ms. L. טרקאי, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 8). Y.Kidd.I, 61d top; Y.Shebi.VI, 36b bot. תורקי (for הקדמני, Gen. 15:19); Gen. R. s. 44 תרקי (for קנזי, Gen. l. c.); Yalk. ib. 78 טרקי.
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